Michael Sampson: Currents

IntraTeam March 2010 ... it's in only 6 weeks

I've been back in the office this week after 3 weeks off, and already I feel that the first two months of 2010 have raced past! I have a bit of travel coming up ... Australia next month for the SharePoint Collaboration and Governance Masterclass in Melbourne (February 16) and the same again the next day in Canberra (February 17).

But ... the main event I'm working towards is the annual IntraTeam Event for 2010. I'll be presenting two sessions ... one of user adoption strategies, and one of evaluating collaboration tools. This is my first time to attend IntraTeam, so I'm really looking forward to it -- I've heard nothing but good reports. If you are in any of the fields being talked about at IntraTeam -- knowledge sharing, SharePoint, enterprise search, collaboration, governance and more -- and you're in Europe, then I hope you'll come!

And yes, it's only 6 weeks away ... so get that registration in ASAP.

Photos from Singapore

Thanks to his trusty iPhone and Flickr, Maish has photos from the two events in Singapore last week.

SharePoint Conference 2009: Notes from Day 1

Day 1 of the Microsoft SharePoint Conference 2009 is underway. Here's what I've seen announced or discussed during the day. And no, I'm not in attendance.

Announcements and Discussion Points
From Microsoft's press release:
- The beta of SharePoint Server 2010 will be available in November, along with the beta of Office 2010. SharePoint Server 2010 will be available in "first half of 2010", so think June 2010.
- Microsoft claimed revenue of $1.3 billion during the last financial year, a 20% growth year-to-year.
- Key themes for SharePoint 2010 are: (1) better developer story, (2) better Internet site capabilities, and (3) flexibility for on-premises or hosted SharePoint.
- There are a range of new features in SharePoint 2010, including the Office ribbon interface, tighter Office integration, rich media support, and more.

From SharePoint 2010, a blog post on the Microsoft SharePoint Team blog:
- There are six key areas in SharePoint 2010: sites, communities, content, search, insights, and composites.
- The web experience for SharePoint 2010 has been updated.
- Groove has been redeveloped and renamed as SharePoint Workspace 2010. Supports local and offline read-write access to SharePoint.
- SharePoint 2010 can host the Office Web apps, online variants of Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote.
- The SharePoint Workspace Mobile client, for working with Office content in SharePoint offline on a Windows Mobile device.
- Microsoft has improved the collaboration and social networking tools in SharePoint 2010. Eg, a more consistent approach for finding and staying connected to other people and information, improvements to My Site, and richer people connections.
- Enhancements to the user profile part of SharePoint, especially around expertise identification (manual and automagic), and expertise declaration / willingness.
- Enhancements to support much larger lists and libraries.
- The ability to link multiple documents, spreadsheets and presentations together into "Document Sets", and treating them together for workflow and metadata.
- In-place records, a HUGE improvement over "shift copies out to the Record Center in SharePoint 2007".
- Improved people search capabilities, based on social networking and expertise algorithms.
- Insights is the new business intelligence area of SharePoint.
- SharePoint 2010 "Composites" makes it easier for everyone to build custom solutions on SharePoint.

From SharePoint 2010 features Groove client, by John Fontana:
- The Groove technology acquired in 2005 has been re-developed as SharePoint Workspace Client for SharePoint 2010 (note that John calls it the "Workplace" client, perhaps a carry-over from IBM terminology. Per Jeff's blog post though, it is the "Workspace" client).
- SharePoint Workspace Client enables SharePoint data to be taken offline (or worked with online), with full synchronization back to SharePoint.
- The client can also work with third-party line-of-business applications in the same way.
- The timing is directly in line with my 2005 prediction, that the acquisition was too late to impact the Office 2007 timeline.

Michael's Analysis
In my 7 Pillars analysis of SharePoint 2007, SharePoint passes one pillar on its own merits, and a couple of others with Office Communications Server added. Based on the above information, and without actually trying the product, it seems like the following will apply for SharePoint 2010:
- Pillar 1 (shared access): improved pass
- Pillar 2 (location independent access): pass, thanks to SharePoint Workspace and Workspace Mobile.
- Pillar 3 (real-time joint viewing and editing): pass
- Pillar 4 (team-aware calendaring): failed in 2007, unknown for 2010 (will have to federate calendars with Exchange to get a pass, for free-busy integration)
- Pillar 5 (social engagement): improved pass
- Pillar 6 (enterprise action management): probably, but I couldn't see confirmation.
- Pillar 7 (collaboration auto-discovery): pass

I will do a more complete analysis at a later time, but 5 direct passes is a huge improvement. Congrats to the SharePoint team!

“Developing an Organizational KM Strategy” (Keith De La Rue, AcKnowledge Consulting)

In the second-to-last session of the day before the roundtables (and given that I’m doing the last one, I won’t be blogging it), Keith De La Rue is talking about Developing an Organizational KM Strategy. Keith’s slides will be posted on slideshare.net.

Agenda:
- the knowledge sharing toolkit they developed at Telstra
- keeping content up-to-date
- dealing with knowledge hoarding
- using multiple media (applying social media principles)

Building a Knowledge Toolkit
- dealing with experts in product marketing teams, and how they supported business (and consumer) customers
- the KM approach ... used a variety of media tools ... made no distinction between content, communication and learning
- three elements to the toolkit:
- ... online document library (internal and external documents, standard document templates, based on Notes/Domino ... for workflow tools, for browser access and mobile device access ... 3300 entries, 90% had documents as links or embedded)
- ... weekly web-based newsletter
- ... online briefing

The agreements:
- every document had to own each document (with a name on the document)
- had to manage entry status, currency and validity
- guides and training provided
- control hand-over as required ... when leaving, when going on a long vacation

The procedure:
- 90-day timer on every entry ... “entry last updated” date displayed
- auto review reminder emails to contributor
- automatic archive at 90 days
- entries could be deleted if archived if 104 days with no action

The problem? People not reviewing the document attachment ... so needed to introduce more procedure to confirm content review
- log sign-off and sent to manager
- for files more than 12 months old ... monthly scorecard to senior management

The audience (sales people) were very involved.
- they wanted to sell solutions to the customers
- increasingly time-poor
- offered a feedback form ... for these people to send a message to the contributor
- ability to use 5-star rating on documents

Dealing with Knowledge Hoarding
- For some groups, were able to tie knowledge sharing activities to pay
- Started small ... but management support critical
- “is that on the iStore?” ... this was the expected behaviour
- iStore uploads became part of the Product Launch process (if the product documentation wasn’t up, the KM team could stop a product from going out to market)
- key was to make it simple ... to use, and to share knowledge
- ... eg, some mandatory metadata, some optional extras
- ... eg, ensure clarity in classifications
- building a community around content providers ... quarterly email newsletter, statistics on usage

Using Multiple Media: Or Social Media Principles
David Snowden, “knowledge can only ever be volunteered, not forced”.

Made this an open system ... anyone can edit anything (create, update or change)

Very little violation of trust.

Other things:
- weekly newsletter, with links
- weekly audio and web conference
- slide packs up into iStore, as well as the audio recording
- helps the time-poor audience

More Information
More on the conference: see #bs7im on Twitter

“Retaining Organizational Knowledge” (James Thomson)

James is talking about retaining organizational knowledge; would like this to be somewhat interactive.

Agenda:
- What is knowledge retention?
- How did he manage the staff at the Beehive
- How do you manage technical knowledge organizations

Knowledge Retention
- lots of people doing knowledge work
- how to retain knowledge with shifting demographics
- identify critical knowledge
- know where it resides
- preserve and put it to best effect

See PDF for more (16 pages).

Do we need a formal strategy?
- “people are our best asset”
- senior management know this is important ... but only 20% of firms from the US have a knowledge strategy
- why is there such a disconnect between “what we say” and “what we do”?

Problems with knowledge sharing:
- culture doesn’t value knowledge
- don’t or can’t identify critical knowledge
- no incentive to share
- no tools or technologies available
- HR managers know the “need” but not the “how”

Challenges issues:
- measuring the program’s effectiveness (43%)
- measuring the ROI
- identifying the best knowledge
- management support
- short-term focus
- identifying when knowledge / workers are at a risk of leaving
- building the business case

Lots of different tools available:
- email, company meetings, file share, after-action reviews ... and many more.
- high adoption for some, low adoption for others

Case Study: Managing Knowledge at the Beehive
The Beehive is the seat of government in New Zealand ... see beehive.govt.nz
- huge number of silos (political and geographical)
- James’s style was to walk around and talk to people ... but that was very different to embedded approach
- hard to know what knowledge was where
- turf issues
- cross party difficulties (especially when coming up to an election)
- extreme pace and work load

What they did:
- make it a dedicated effort
- put in place a learning training strategy
- drive for commitment, not just compliance
- there were some very knowledgeable people ... came on board quickly
- knowledge cafes
- documentation, from experienced staff
- centralized experience on tap
- availability after departure ... for mentoring / consulting after they’d gone

About Temporary Knowledge Organizations
- bringing people with different skill sets together for a temporary project
- look up Dave Snowdon on complexity theory
- multiple disciplines working together
- agile development

Questions and Answers
Q. With retiring staff, what about allowing them to come back on a part-time basis?
A. We did at the Beehive. It's a cultural thing.

More Information
More on the conference: see #bs7im on Twitter

“The Googlization of Everything” (Kim Sbarcea, ThinkingShift)

Kim Sbarcea is talking about the The Googlization of Everything. Lots of different social networks on the Internet ... Twitter, Flickr ... but ... wants to talk about “information and knowledge to be free”, and the tension in that.

Facebook
Facebook ... taken a while to get onboard with Facebook ... but has recently taken the leap.
- Facebook is “the new email”
- creates a new way of enabling social networks ... create it, tap into it
- the tension: the company can turn around and change the terms of service two weeks ago ... “we will own your information from now on.”
- ... more insidious ... “Facebook can sub-license any information with or without consent”
- ... there was a big back-lash
- ... the community turned and created the “Facebook Bill of Rights and Responsibilities” group ... to talk back to Facebook management
- ... 48 hours later ... Facebook did an about-face (the power of the users)

Google: Don’t Be Evil
- Huge market share
- Some management people think that everything on Google is true and accurate
- There are many questions that we need to ask about Google
- Back at the beginning ... Google play on the name of 1 ^ 100
- Kim hates ... Google Street View (big questions about privacy)
- Google Latitude ... pinpoint everyone and everything
- Google Docs ... all of our content in their stuff
- Google Book Search ... huge copyright issues
- Google Health ...
- Google Electricity ... ??

Google has brought a lot of innovation to the market ... but there are privacy issues.

Eg, Google Health ... see google.com/health
- does this disturb the “privilege” between you and your doctor?
- or will Google link your health problems to AdSense?
- new option to link mobile medicine devices into Google health account
- information can be free, but only as long as we can ask questions about it.

Don’t rely on us
- researcher did research on bankruptcies ... “bankrupties 2008” into Google search ... gave up an article out of date re United Airlines from 2002 on bankruptcy ... with no date on it.
- ... posted about it ... and United Airlines dropped 75% of market valuation
- ... but ... Google is blameless ... it didn’t do anything wrong (but what is it responsible for?)

Our Reaction?
- the power lies with us. There is a lot of lazy stuff going on ... eg, it’s very easy to find things ... but we’re going to need to explore wider
- we are starting to lose critical thinking skills
- we are too curious ... we are switched on more than we are switched off. Too many pressures for now-now-now.

What can we do?
- Web 2.0 is a saviour for us ... it creates connectivity between people
- offers an opportunity for testing knowledge quickly through blogs and Twitter
- can shape public identity through social networks
- has to be a building of trust between people through social networks

More Information
More on the conference: see #bs7im on Twitter

“Case Study: InSite - Implementing SharePoint” (Pete Sayers, South Taranaki District Council)

Pete Sayers is talking about how they implemented SharePoint at the South Taranaki District Council. Not an expert on PRA, MOSS, EDRMS and project management ... but am responsible for all. The Council worked with Information Leadership.

Top level view ... went for an information management program ... went with the Microsoft products.

SharePoint ... is not a silver bullet ... is designed around collaboration and team work.

Agenda
- Background
- User Experiences
- PRA
- Components and Implementation
- Future

Why are they doing this? It’s good business sense ... not because they want to, or because of PRA. Real reason ... file shares going bad.

Two options ... do nothing or do something.

What did they choose for EDRMS? MOSS 2007 ... because of Microsoft’s deployment fund (requests for funding for Microsoft products)

Intranet called “Insite” ... classification structure ... democratic process, cultural services, organization management, and more ...

Use document libraries in SharePoint ... just a typical document library in SharePoint.
- Dealing with metadata ... most metadata is automagically created, based on where the document is created.
- Deleting documents? Throws an error to say you can’t do that under the PRA.

Some feedback from the users:
- make the terminology less complex ... show the overall program
- need to help with mindset change
- iLab ... training offering was really good
- need knowledgeable support

Old vs new terminology:
- “document folder” to “document library”
- “document properties” to “document metadata”
- “file” to “document”
- “unit drive” to “structure”
- “file type” to “document type”
- “My Documents” to “STDC Documents”

The single most important part of the work ... partnerships with others:
- Information Leadership
- Microsoft New Zealand - Innovation Centre
- STDC

Costs of the project:
- capital ... 10%, general ... 10%, professional services ... 80%
- consultancy for ... record keeping experience, MOSS knowledge, business analyst, floor walking / user support, governance
- internal staff shortage ... costly gap to fill, level of inefficiency using external resources

Some final comments:
- MOSS won’t solve all IM challenges ... helpful to get some add-on products ... CorasWorks (for roll-ups and aggregation across multiple sites), Colligo (for integration into Outlook, for dragging-and-dropping into SharePoint more efficient), and iWorkplace (from Information Leadership; the design wiki in particular).

Summary
- MOSS 2007 is a good foundation
- Knowledge is more important than systems
- Learn from our mistakes
- Don't focus on contracts ... focus on partnerships
- Invest in people!

Questions and Answers
Q. (from Pete) Who is looking at doing MOSS for EDRMS?
A. A couple ... some just started.

Q. How have you found MOSS for EDRMS?
A. Has been okay, but there is room for improvement ... eg, in pushing material out to the Intranet

More Information
More on the conference: see #bs7im on Twitter

“Advancing Strategies for 21st Century Record Keeping” (Grant Margison, Information Leadership)

Grant Margison from Information Leadership is talking about Advancing Strategies for 21st Century Record Keeping.

Agenda:
- tactics to get results in record keeping
- sacred cows from 20th century
- what to do in the 21st century

Three types of ideas ... current ideas, conflicting ideas, and emerging ideas

Current Ideas
We all agree on:
- there is more information ... higher volumes
- new types of information ... Twitter, blogs
- compliance scrutiny
- appetite for alternatives to EDRMS

What’s scarce:
- record keeping skills
- budgets for OPEX

What’s diving:
- budgets for CAPEX
- user patience for poor information design
- appetite for EDRMS

How are we doing as a country with record keeping?
- there are exemplars at the top ... but only a small portion. Most are Bs, Cs, Ds and Es.
- why? Most stuck with Outlook, file shares and paper
- ... EDRMS “silver bullet” don’t work
- ... can see records in line of business applications
- ... adoption is the primary issue (but if that’s the case ... then why is this not measured and tracked?)

Some reasons:
- if we have the answers ... we still don’t have the triggers to pull to increase adoption

Gridlocked Ideas
(1) what standard for record keeping? High standards vs Good enough
(2) how do we get improvement? Tell them to do it vs Sell it / influence it
(3) what’s the role of record keepers? Hands-on facilitation vs Doing the work
(4) what systems are legitimate? What we have vs SharePoint or Open source
(5) what do we actually have to do? Lots of confusion around this. Is it about PRA, standards, the audit ... or something else? See the IL quiz.

Emerging Ideas
- less emphasis on record keeping as a brand ... and more on making it a by-product
- the rise and fall of various technologies, see Sarah’s presentation
- SharePoint is becoming a big thing ... will be part of the future for many organizations. Signals a different way of working. Have been successes and failures ... the latter due to lack of IM design and change management

Changes in Thinking
- from only thinking about capability ... to now thinking about capability and adoption. Two paths to getting to the green zone.
- how do we get widespread behavior change? Yes ... health and safety (but it’s taken a long time)
- a change from “nouns” (record systems) to “verbs” (record keeping)
- foundation (policy) ... to capability (have procedures) ... to adoption (use it).
- ... challenge ... need to put 50% of the effort into the adoption piece
- ... this is called the “rule of 3 steps”

- another example ... foundation (have taxonomy) ... capability (has been rendered) ... to adoption (team uses it)
- ... have to deal with people one at a time ... have to win people over one-by-one

- triage of RISK vs VALUE on what we should focus on
- ... eg, important records vs high risk of loss ... focus on the red zones
- ... helps you to prioritize where to focus your effort
- ... impacts the choice for ... mix of systems, policy and procedures, training, measures, taxonomy / metadata, floorwalking

- When combine the rule of 3 steps with risk / value triage ... you get the business results that you need.

What if you are the only person doing record keeping?
- what can you do ... as an individual to make it work?

The Change Challenge
- from “telling” to “selling”
- from “back room best practice” to “cubicle land real practice”
- from “adoption not our job” to “measure - prioritize - options - act”
- from “you have the best system” to “useful and useable”

Final thought: there is a huge need for information professionals in New Zealand today.

Questions and Answers
Q. Do you have the situation where senior managers say "triage is a nice concept", but "we have to do all now"?
A. If that happens, say "you can't do it all right now, unless you increase the resourcing level. Which way do you want to go?"

Q. What happens if senior management doesn't support this?
A. Have to "get into their head" and work out what's important to them. The other tactic ... trust and credibility ... start beavering away. Or go and play with those who want to play.

More Information
More on the conference: see #bs7im on Twitter

“International Update on Web 2.0 in Business” (Sarah Heal, Information Leadership)

Sarah Heal from Information Leadership is talking on the use of Web 2.0 tool in business ... based on their experiences using them, what they see with clients, and from KMWorld 2008. See also sarah-heal.com

Knowledge management means: helping people doing a great job. For firms, Web 2.0 helps wrap around expert support and collaboration tools. Need to support more than just information ... but also know-how, peers and experts.

Why do we do this?
- Gen Y ... they are different. They just want the answer. Will take the first answer that comes along. If you can’t give it to them, they’ll move elsewhere.
- Personal web use expectations ... eg, Google, Web 2.0, search ... “why can’t I search inside like I do via Google?”
- Distributed business / virtual teams
- Information overload and time pressures ... 250-300 emails ... how do you get any work done with this much?

Today’s workhorses:
- file shares
- email
- paper
- a “crafted” intranet
- EDRMS
- ... overall, these are not delivering what we need ... know-how, information, collaboration ... so RIP

History:
- 1997-2007 ... fall off in effectiveness of EDRMS, email, file shares, face-to-face
- “age of now” ... “EDRM services”, wikis (eg, training material in wikis, not thick training manuals) and blogs, “good enough repositories”, connection, RSS, IM, search and tagging

KMWorld paper ... 4 biggest disablers of knowledge sharing:
- the intranet
- knowledge managers
- email
- shared drives

Promise ... for tomorrow’s LOB systems and technologies:
- EDRM services ... disaggregation of the “big system” to smaller services
- wikis
- blogs
- RSS
- shared screen services, eg, WebEx
- shared workspaces
- Know-WHO ... Facebook, LinkedIn

Sarah showed the 2008 Content Technology Vendor Map from CMS Watch.

Content pyramid:
- “authoritative” ... controlled documents, eg, contracts, reports
- “instruments and mechanisms” ... templates, workflows, approvals
- “transactional” ... notes, reports, requests, correspondence
- self-help nuggets ... access to short answers for short questions
- information know-how

Why are we doing all this? What’s the big deal?
- healthy information environments
- just in time NOT just in case
- power to the people
- the document links us to the people who wrote them
- feedback improves
- speed and enhanced performance

What choices do we have?
- (1) best of breed vs Swiss Army knife?
- (2) open source, Microsoft or a specialist vendor?
- (3) appliance, cloud, or software?

SharePoint ... Swiss Army Knife, love-hate, massive use, default choice for many
- eg, Oslernet ... law firm in Canada. Millions of documents. Success = designed and governed as though it was an EDRMS ... liked and used.

Open Source ... CapGemini ... Drupal, phpBB, MediaWiki, Google Search Appliance
- 27000 users, 900 communities, 500 forums, 500 wikis
- organic growth ... reduced the use of email
- conclusion: When you deliver the right tools, people will want to use them.
- (biggest challenge in NZ ... hard to support in NZ due to lack of open source specialists, eg, for Alfresco)

If you don’t provide these, then what happens?
- end users find other / better tools
- or they leave the firm
- or they don’t join the firm

Wikis and Blogs in the Enterprise
Wikis:
- Web delivered
- can include approvals
- can do metadata
- very good for living documentation
- helpful in the beginning stages of a project ... when things are forming (which is exactly what I show in Seamless Teamwork)
- it replaces ... Word and PDF manuals, pretty / pointless intranets, email
- why it’s better ... empowers people to contribute, multiple findability, online

Blogs:
- comments and moderation
- web delivered
- metadata and tags
- business uses ... capturing insights, lessons, ideas, how to, rants and raves
- replaces ... documents and memos, knowledge articles, pretty intranet, email
- why it’s better ... people can contribute, creates network of trust, multiple findability, online

Blogs and Wikis together ...
- become a business improvement platform ... for ideas, issues and projects

Social Software
Helps see what other people are reading, thinking and doing.
Take a look at StumbleUpon or Grant’s Flickr photos (“how we plan our vacations”)

What’s the big deal?
- RSS and Alerts
- Social “connect” apps
- distance meeting apps
- collaboration apps, eg, from 37signals
- personal KM apps, eg, Sarah uses Evernote for this

The Challenge
- the content is starting to get tangled up in the technology ... so for record keeping ... makes the job a whole lot harder
- creates a new role and challenges for IM professionals, eg, metadata, taxonomy, folksonomy, governance, processes

The Takeaways
- the rise and fall of technologies
- large scale use already
- it's not going away

More on the conference: see #bs7im on Twitter

Questions and Answers
Q. Is the metadata the key to all this?
A. Two ways ... taxonomy and folksonomy. Some firms are allowing people to start with folksonomy, and then converting some of that to taxonomy after 2 years.

Q. A lot of the newer tools are outside of the firewall ... what are the record keeping implications?
A. Record keepers should be nervous. Will probably need to bring some things inside the firm. Also -- how important are these records to us?

Q. What are the negatives or risks?
A. Disturbs me that people are doing things everywhere ... you need to have information design from the get-go to make this work over the longer term.

Q. What is a record and what isn’t?
A. You have to come back to the business rules. What are the activities that need to become records?

"Public Recordkeeping as a Core Organizational Capability" (Dianne Macaskill, Archives NZ)

Dianne Macaskill is the Chief Archivist and CEO for Archives New Zealand, and she will be talking about audits under the Public Records Act (PRA) in New Zealand.

Reasons for managing information:
- so governments are held accountable from administration to administration (tells the story from one administration)
- to encourage efficient and effective business practice
- to engender citizen trust -- decision making is transparent
- to meet legislative and regulatory requirements
- to show context for any record
- to understand history and heritage

All of this is much easier in the paper world. Per Jeff Rothenberg, “digital information lasts forever, or five years, whichever comes first.”

Audits in Context
The PRA 2005 sets a framework for public information management system. Framework has two parts:
- Support and advice
- monitoring

On digital continuity ... from 196 agencies:
- 36% hold electronic documents that don’t have titles or metadata
- 20% have records that require computer hardware or software that aren’t available any more

The audit process:
- audits begin 2010-2011
- cover 2700 entities, including 2500 schools

The environment:
- starting digital recordkeeping from low base
- agencies are putting effort into this
- need record keeping in business systems, not just EDRMS
- improved awareness of good business reasons for doing records keeping

Challenges with auditing:
- everyone is a record keeper ... can’t audit everyone
- constrained audit resources
- variable record keeping practices

Dianne talked about the approach they’ll take to auditing of records, and that it will become more like financial audits over time.
- eg, the methodology
- eg, that agencies doing poorly at record keeping won’t be audited at the start ... a waste of time

Questions
Q. Is there an incentive for some agencies to catch up if they won’t be audited for 2 years?
A. Yes, it will be a bad thing if an agency isn’t selected for auditing. Will “use other tools” to encourage them, eg, reports to Parliament.

Q. What about listing the agencies on the web who will be audited.
A. Maybe, haven’t got there yet.

Q. Some agencies see PRA as an optional extra -- it’s not a real Act. What will you do to “encourage” agencies to embrace PRA?
A. Two part answer ... (a) reminding them it’s good business practice -- and if agencies don’t think so, then argue back, and (b) Dianne sees agencies saying they are doing it (my comment ... “as though a CEO would say they weren’t”

Q. Are you confident that you will get through 10 schools and 1 government department a week?
A. No ... looking for better ways of auditing schools better and faster. Remember that it’s not mandatory for schools.

Q. How do you deal with resource constraints at smaller agencies?
A. No, we won’t give special passes. They still have to run a business. If they don’t have enough resources, make it work.

More on the conference: see #bs7im on Twitter